Static Routing Protocol

Static routing ဆိုတာ router တစ္ခုမွာ routing entryေတြကို manually-configured လုပ္ရတဲ႔ routing protocol တစ္ခုျဖစ္ပါတယ္။static routes ေတြကို network administrator ေတြက adding in entries into a routing table လုပ္ျခင္းျဖင္႔ configured လုပ္ႀကတယ္။dynamic routing ေတြနဲ႔မတူတာက

static routes ေတြကို network ကို changed လုပ္လည္း  change မျဖစ္ဘူး၊ reconfigured လုပ္မွ change တယ္။static routing ႏွင္႔dynamic routing ကႏွစ္ဦးႏွစ္ဖက္သီးသန္႔မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။Both dynamic routing and static routing ေတြကို router တစ္ခုေပၚမွာ routing efficiency ေတြကိုျမွင္႔ဖို႔နဲ႔ 

dynamic routing information ေတြ exchanged လုပ္ဖို႔ failsျဖစ္တဲ႔အခ်ိန္မွာ backups ေတြကိုprovideလုပ္ဖို႔ သံုးတယ္။Static routingေတြကို stub networks ေတြမွာ နဲ႔ a gateway of last resortကို provideဖို႔သံုးတယ္။

Static routing may have the following uses:

Static routing ေတြကို other routesေတြကိုမလိုတဲ႔အခ်ိန္မွာan exit point from a router ကို defineလုပ္ဖို႔သံုးတယ္။one or two routesပဲလိုတဲ႔small networksေတြမွာလဲသံုးတယ္။ exchanging dynamic routing informationျဖင္႔ wasted မျဖစ္ေစတဲ႔အတြက္ more efficientပိုျဖစ္ေစပါတယ္။a dynamic route ကမရတဲ႔ a failsafe backup ကို dynamic routing အျဖည္႔အျဖစ္ provide လုပ္ဖို႔သံုးတယ္။

 routing information ေတြကိုone routing protocol မွ another တစ္ခုကိုtransferလုပ္ဖို႔ကူညီေပးတယ္ (routing redistribution)။

  

Disadvantages

Static routing can have some potential disadvantages:

 Human error:static routes ေတြကို manually configuredလုပ္ရတဲ႔အတြက္အမွား input သြင္းမီဖို႕အလားလာပိုမ်ားတယ္။Administratorsေတြက network information မ်ားကိုmistakes and mistypeေတြလုပ္နိုင္တယ္။incorrect routing pathsေတြကိုမွားျပီး configure လုပ္နိုင္တယ္။
 Fault tolerance:Static routing is not fault tolerant.ဆိုလိုတာက networkအတြင္း change ေတြ
two statically defined devices ႀကားမွာ failureတဲ႔အခါ traffic ေတြကိုျပန္ re-routedလုပ္မေပးတာပါ။
resultအေနနဲ႔က failure ျပန္မျပင္သေရြ႕ static routeကို ျပန္reconfigured မလုပ္သေရြ႕ network ကိုျပန္သံုးလို႔မရပါဘူး။
Administrative distance:Static routesက ပံုမွန္အားျဖင္႔  a dynamic routing protocol နဲ႔take precedence over routes configuredလုပ္တယ္။ဆိုလိုတာက static routes ေတြကrouting protocols from working as intended ေတြကို preventလုပ္တယ္။ဒါေႀကာင္႔administrative distanceကို 
manually modify လုပ္ဖို႔လိုပါတယ္။

Administrative overhead:  Static routesေတြကို networkေပၚမွာရွိတဲ႔ routerတိုင္းမွာ configuredလုပ္ရမယ္။အဲ႔ဒီ configurationအတြက္အခ်ိန္ေတြအမ်ားျကီးယူရမယ္။reconfigurationလုပ္ရတဲ႔အတြက္အခ်ိန္ႀကာတာကိုေျပာတာ။အျခားတစ္ဖက္က Dynamic routing က routing changes ေတြကိုautomatically
propagatesလုပ္ေပးတယ္။manual reconfiguration ေတြကိုေလ်ာ႔ခ်ေပးတယ္။

Example

To route IP traffic destined for the network 10.10.20.0/24 via the next-hop router with the IPv4 address of 192.168.100.1, the following configuration commands or steps can be used:

Linux

In most Linux distributions, a static route can be added using the iproute2 command. The following is typed at a terminal:

root@router:~# ip route add 10.10.20.0 via 192.168.100.1

Cisco

Enterprise-level Cisco routers are configurable using the Cisco IOS command line, rather than a web management interface.

Add a static route

The commands to add a static route are as follows:

Router> enable

Router# configure terminal

Router(config)# ip route 10.10.20.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.1

Network configurations are not restricted to a single static route per destination:

Router> enable

Router# configure terminal

Router(config)# ip route 197.164.73.0 255.255.255.0 197.164.72.2

Router(config)# ip route 197.164.74.0 255.255.255.0 197.164.72.2

Add static route by specifying exit interface

Static routes can also be added by specifying the exit interface rather than the "next hop" IP address of the router.

Router(config)# ip route 10.10.20.0 255.255.255.0 Serial 0/0/0

Configuring administrative distance

The administrative distance can be manually (re)configured so that the static route can be configured as a backup route, to be used only if the dynamic route is unavailable.

Router(config)# ip route 10.10.20.0 255.255.255.0 exampleRoute 1 254

Setting the administrative distance to 254 will result in the route being used only as a backup.01